Software has become a commonsense shorthand for culture and hardware a
shorthand for nature. (In the current debate over stem cell research, stem
cells have been called “hardware.”Historically software also facilitated the
separation of pattern from matter, necessary for the separation of genes from
DNA.
In our so-called postideological society, software sustains and
depoliticizes notions of ideology and ideology critique. People may deny
ideology, but they don’t deny software—and they attribute to software, metaphorically,
greater powers than have been attributed to ideology. Our interactions with
software have disciplined us, created certain expectations about cause and
effect, offered us pleasure and power that we believe should be transferable
elsewhere. The notion of software has crept into our critical vocabulary in
mostly uninterrogated ways. By interrogating software and the visual knowledge
it perpetuates, we can move beyond the so-called crisis in indexicality toward
under-
standing the new ways in which visual knowledge is being transformed
and perpetuated, not simply displaced or rendered obsolete
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